Josephus also mentions that a person who intends to join the Essenes is not admitted immediately, but is first required to live in the same manner as the community for a year. Unlike Philo, who did not mention any particular geographical location of the Essenes other than the whole land of Israel, Pliny places them somewhere above Ein Gedi, next to the Dead Sea. Judaism had four sects: Essenes, Zealots, Sadducees and Pharisees. Based on the amount of coins that archeologists found at Qumran, this is difficult to believe. In 1947, a Bedouin shepherd stumbled into a cave containing various ancient artifacts and jars containing manuscripts describing the beliefs of the sect and events of the time. Why did the Essenes live in Qumran? Ancient Essene Life at Wadi 'ain es-Siah on Mt Carmel, Israel. During this period, he is still excluded from the community, but is given a small hatchet, a girdle, and a white garment. The study by Eyal Regev of Bar-Ilan University examines the architectural plan of Qumran and applies so-called “access analysis” to map the site’s spatial organization in order to uncover the social ideology of the Essenes of Qumran. Zealots wanted to end the Roman rule by armed rebellion. A 2013 study has sought to determine by sophisticated methods whether Khirbet Qumran was home to a Qumran community of sectarian Jews, the Essenes of Qumran. Pharisees sought to earn everlasting life by obeying a plethora of man-made rules. In his two famous books the Jewish War and the Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus, describes in some detail the cult ignored in the gospels—the Essenes.. They were mainly agriculturists and arboriculturists, having a vast knowledge of crops, soil and climatic conditions which enabled them to grow a great variety of fruits and vegetables in comparatively desert areas and with a minimum of labor. The Essenes are particularly interesting to scholars because they are believed to be an offshoot of the group that lived in Qumran, near the Dead Sea. He also mentioned that they did not collect earthly possessions and lived a “ poor ” life. Philo stated that the Essenes did not live in cities in order not to contaminate themselves with evil. The Essenes lived on the shores of lakes and rivers, away from cities and towns, and practiced a communal way of life, sharing equally in everything. Sadducees believed our existence ends at death. THE GREAT WELL SPRING - the "Well of the Essenes" ('Ain Es-siah), was the source of all life in Wadi Essiah (Essene Canyon).Flowing from an oven shaped opening in the southern Karmeliya ("Carmelite") Ridge and thence flowing through covered rock channels to all other areas of the ancient Nazorean Monastery. Josephus suggests he was initiated into the Essene brotherhood so one assumes he knows what he is talking about. Josephus later gave a detailed account of the Essenes in The Jewish War ( c. 75 CE ), with a shorter description in Antiquities of the Jews ( c. 94 CE ) and The Life of Flavius Josephus ( c. 97 CE ). Josephus on The Essenes.
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