Never did any passage of scripture come with more power to the heart of man than this did at this time to mine. [218], Early Mormons understood the Book of Mormon to be a religious history of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. [200] Emma said that the very first time she ever became aware of a polygamy revelation being attributed to Smith by Mormons was when she read about it in Orson Pratt's periodical The Seer in 1853. [104] Smith explicitly approved of the expulsion of these men, who were known collectively as the "dissenters". [193] Smaller groups followed Sidney Rigdon and James J. Strang, who had based his claim on an allegedly forged letter of appointment. [291][292] Although the church had publicly repudiated polygamy, in 1837 there was a rift between Smith and Oliver Cowdery over the issue. Smith was then released on a writ of habeas corpus from the Nauvoo municipal court. [173], After his death, non-Mormon newspapers were almost unanimous in portraying Smith as a religious fanatic. In June 1843, enemies of Smith convinced a reluctant Illinois Governor Thomas Ford to extradite Smith to Missouri on an old charge of treason. 1 On December 23, 1805, Lucy Mack Smith delivered a son named after his father, Joseph Smith. She wrote of her marriage to Joseph (see her profile). [91] Smith was blamed for having promoted a church-sponsored bank that failed. (the exact number of wives is uncertain.). A fifty-foot monument rises up in the Vermont countryside today, just a few steps from the original site of the roughly 800-square-foot farmhouse where Joseph Smith Jr. was born. [70] Rigdon soon visited New York and quickly became Smith's primary assistant. [176] Among Mormons, he is regarded as a prophet on par with Moses and Elijah. [153] Both also said that Smith had proposed marriage to their wives. [43] This time, he said he successfully retrieved the plates. [105], Political and religious differences between old Missourians and newly arriving Mormon settlers provoked tensions between the two groups, much as they had years earlier in Jackson County. [157] The paper decried Smith's new "doctrines of many Gods", alluded to Smith's theocratic aspirations, and called for a repeal of the Nauvoo city charter. [164] Smith initially fled across the Mississippi River, but shortly returned and surrendered to Ford. He also told associates that he was capable of reading and translating them. Some were temporal, while others were spiritual or doctrinal. [126] Smith also attempted to portray the Latter Day Saints as an oppressed minority, and unsuccessfully petitioned the federal government for help in obtaining reparations. When the twins died, the Smiths adopted another set of twins, Julia and Joseph, whose mother had recently died in childbirth; Joseph died of measles in 1832. [118] Smith was then sent to a state court for a preliminary hearing, where several of his former allies testified against him. On April 6, 1830, Joseph Smith organized The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and became its first president. When Smith proposed marriage, Emma's father, Isaac Hale objected, primarily because he believed Smith had no means to support Emma. “[He] left a fame and name that cannot be slain. Joseph married Emma Hale in 1827. Joseph married Emma Hale on January 18, 1827, and was described as a loving and devoted husband. Smith was born in Sharon, Vermont. [229] The language of authority in Smith's revelations was appealing to converts, and the revelations were given with the confidence of an Old Testament prophet. [15] After an ill-fated business venture and three successive years of crop failures culminating in the 1816 Year Without a Summer, the Smith family left Vermont and moved to western New York, taking out a mortgage on a 100-acre (40 ha) farm in the townships of Palmyra and Manchester. Among these five groups was a quorum of twelve apostles. [41] Smith and Emma eloped and married on January 18, 1827, after which the couple began boarding with Smith's parents in Manchester. [80] Smith's trip was also hastened by a mob of Ohio residents who were incensed over the United Order and Smith's political power; the mob beat Smith and Rigdon unconscious, tarred and feathered them, and left them for dead. [264] Through the gradual acquisition of knowledge, according to Smith, those who received exaltation could eventually become like God. [134], In 1841, Smith began revealing the doctrine of plural marriage to a few of his closest male associates, including Bennett, who used it as an excuse to seduce numerous women wed and unwed. [48] Living near his in-laws, Smith transcribed some characters that he said were engraved on the plates and then dictated a translation to Emma. [21][22] Smith's parents disagreed about religion, but the family was caught up in this excitement. [38] In 1826, Smith was brought before a Chenango County court for "glass-looking", or pretending to find lost treasure. Like matter, Smith saw "intelligence" as co-eternal with God, and taught that human spirits had been drawn from a pre-existent pool of eternal intelligences. [37] Smith was said to have an ability to locate lost items by looking into a seer stone, which he also used in treasure hunting, including several unsuccessful attempts to find buried treasure sponsored by a wealthy farmer in Chenango County, New York. By the summer of 1835, there were fifteen hundred to two thousand Mormons in the vicinity, many expecting Smith to lead them shortly to the Millennial kingdom. Joseph was persecuted much of his adult life and was killed along with his brother Hyrum by a mob in Carthage, Illinois, on June 27, 1844. "[228] Smith had assumed a role as prophet, seer, and apostle of Jesus Christ, and by early 1831, he was introducing himself as "Joseph the Prophet". [233] For instance, Smith's revision nearly tripled the length of the first five chapters of Genesis in what would become the Book of Moses. [284] He taught that outside the Covenant, marriages were simply matters of contract, and that in the afterlife individuals married outside the Covenant or not married would be limited in their progression. [227], Although the Book of Mormon drew many converts to the church, Fawn Brodie argued that the "book lives today because of the prophet, not he because of the book. Smith was born on December 23, 1805 in Sharon, Vermont to Lucy Mack Smith and her husband Joseph Smith Sr., a merchant and farmer. Smith came from an unremarkable New England family. [271] At first, Smith's church had little sense of hierarchy; his religious authority was derived from visions and revelations.
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